Taking effective policy measures to promote the high-quality development of China’s rural industries is not only an inevitable requirement to achieve the goal of rural revitalization and common prosperity， but also a major practical issue of wide concern to the government and academia. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces （municipalities directly under the Central government and autonomous regions） in China from 2011 to 2021， it measured the high-quality development level of rural industry from four dimensions of scale， structure， innovation and efficiency， and revealed its spatiotemporal evolution characteristics. On this basis， it empirically analyzed the impact of the pilot construction of rural complex on the high-quality development of rural industry in China using the PSM-DID method. It examined the differences between coastal and inland provinces， and between provinces with dominant agricultural and non-agricultural economies. Additionally， it explored the moderating effects of fiscal support for agriculture and the attractiveness of rural industries for employment on the aforementioned impacts. The results show that， from the time dimension， the high-quality development level of rural industries in all regions of China improved from 2011 to 2021， although the speed of development varied significantly. From the spatial dimension， the high cluster area of high-quality development of rural industry in China showed an expansion from the point to the surface， which was mainly manifested in the spatial pattern of East China， Central China and Sichuan-Chongqing region. The pilot construction of rural complex significantly and positively affected the high-quality development of rural industry in China’s pilot areas， and the results are stable. In coastal areas and provinces with large agricultural economies， the pilot construction of rural complex had a more significant role in promoting the high-quality development of rural industry. At the same time， both fiscal support for agriculture and the employment attractiveness of rural industries played a positive regulating role in the promotion of rural complex construction to the high-quality development of rural industry. It has important theoretical and practical significance for implementing and promoting the pilot policy of rural complex construction in a more targeted manner and playing the role of the policy in the high-quality development of rural industry.