摘要: |
虽然非正式制度占制度环境的比重远超过正式制度,但现有研究集中于探讨地区正式制度环境对创业的影响,对非正式制度环境与创业之间的关系研究较少。本研究致力于揭示地区社会信任这一重要的非正式制度对个体创业的影响。基于理论分析和来自全球31个国家的101595条个体创业数据的实证检验发现:(1)地区外群体社会信任对个体创业有正向影响,地区内群体社会信任对个体创业有负向影响,说明社会信任的确是个体创业的重要影响因素;(2)创业知识和技能以及创业网络能强化外群体社会信任对个体创业的正向影响,弱化内群体社会信任对个体创业的负向影响,说明创业知识和技能以及创业网络有助于个体更好地利用外群体社会信任伴随的潜在机会和抵御内群体社会信任伴随的可能威胁。此外,进一步的分析发现地区社会信任通过影响个体识别创业机会进而对个体创业产生影响。本研究将关注点从正式制度环境转移到非正式制度环境,不仅能丰富和拓展非正式制度环境与创业相关研究,而且对个体制定创业决策和国家优化创业环境有重要启示。 |
关键词: 创业 社会信任 非正式制度 创业知识 创业技能 创业网络 |
DOI:10.13581/j.cnki.rdm.20190891 |
分类号: |
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(面上项目,重点项目,重大项目) |
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Can Social Trust Improve the Likelihood of Starting Businesses? |
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East China University of Science and Technology
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Abstract: |
Although informal institutions accounts for a larger proportion of the all institutions than that of formal ones, prior research mainly focuses on the impact of the formal institutional environment on the likelihood of starting businesses. This paper reveals the impact of regional social trust on starting businesses to enrich and extend current research. Based on theoretical analysis and empirical tests of 101,595 observations from 31 countries, the results show that: (1) regional out-group social trust has a positive effect, while regional in-group social trust has a negative effect on the likelihood of starting businesses, indicating that social trust plays an important role in influencing entrepreneurship. (2) Entrepreneurial knowledge, skills and network can strengthen the positive effect of out-group social trust and weaken the negative effect of in-group social trust on the likelihood of starting businesses, suggesting that the individuals with rich entrepreneurial knowledge, skills and network can better utilize the potential opportunities associated with out-group social trust and counteract the possible threats associated with in-group social trust. In addition, further analysis shows that regional social trust influences individual entrepreneurship by enabling individuals to identify entrepreneurial opportunities. This research shifts the focus from formal institutions to informal institutions, which not only enrich and extend the research on informal institutions and entrepreneurship, but also generate practical implications for individuals to make entrepreneurial decisions and for government to improve the entrepreneurial environment. |
Key words: entrepreneurship social trust informal institution entrepreneurial knowledge entrepreneurial skills entrepreneurial network |