The Evolution Mechanism and Value of Open Innovation Ecosystem: This paper explores the current development trend and impact mechanism of the innovation ecosystem under the open innovation paradigm, and attempts to reveal the evolution process and value of the open innovation ecosystem in the era of big data. The study found that: First, with the improvement of comprehensive transaction efficiency, the “innovation ecosystem” will transform into an “open innovation ecosystem”. Second, the structural transformation of the system can reduce the cost of innovation risks, and derives the three major communities of knowledge development, research and application with higher division of labor, specializing in pioneering innovation, follow-up innovation and innovative application activities. Third, the open innovation ecosystem has a more professional R D ecosystem, which can promote the expansion of the pioneering innovation market and enhance the knowledge stock and quality of the public pool. Fourth, this structural transformation will also help promote the free flow of innovative talents across sectors, expand the total capacity of the system, and improve the efficiency of system innovation, so that the society as a whole presents an innovation-driven development trend. Finally, based on the above research conclusions, this paper further explores the role of the government in maintaining the development of an open innovation ecosystem.