In the context of protecting ecology and promoting employment， whether environmental control can achieve the dual dividend of smog governance and labor employment has aroused widespread concern. Based on the Copeland-Taylor model， the driving factors of smog pollution are decomposed into scale effect， structural effect， technical effect and regulatory effect. Taking the skill premium that was common in the labor market as an entry point， it constructed theoretical framework related to environmental regulation-skill premium-smog pollution， used China’s provincial panel data to verify theoretical hypothesis， and explored the nonlinear characteristics of environmental policy’s effects under the skill premium adjustment. The results show that： environmental regulation can not only mitigate smog pollution through economic scale effect and industrial structure effect， but also has a multi-dimensional effect on smog pollution through the combination and dynamic matching between environmental regulation and skill premium； despite the total effect of environmental regulation on smog pollution is not significant， with the releasing and implementation of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan， the effectiveness of environmental regulation has gradually emerged. In addition， with the expansion of the skill premium， environmental regulation firstly intensifies smog pollution and then reduces smog pollution， which means that the synergy effect of environmental regulation and labor market can achieve a win-win situation in green employment and smog management. To achieve local and short-term benefits， local governments not only lack co-regulation on smog management， but also have “free-riding” behavior， which means that there is a big room for improvement in the efficiency of smog control at the global level. It reveals the mechanism of environmental regulation on smog pollution from a new perspective of skill premium， and has important implications for improving the pollution control effect of environmental regulation and implementing new development concepts.