Individual’s career choice is influenced by their family background， but how family origin affects farmers’ entrepreneurial behavior is still an unexplored research problem. Based on the Chinese thousand village survey， it analyzed the relationship between elite family origin in system and farmer entrepreneurship， and got the following conclusions. Elite family origin significantly promotes farmers’ motivation to conduct entrepreneurial activities， which means that compared with ordinary or poor family origin， farmers from in-system elite families are more likely to conduct entrepreneurship. In addition， family social status plays the moderating role between elite family origin and farmers’ decision of starting new business. That is， elite family origin is more conducive to farmers’ entrepreneurial activities in families with higher social status. Further analysis shows that individual human capital significantly affects farmers’ entrepreneurship behavior， neither too high nor too low human capital accumation help to stimulate farmers’ entrepreneurial motivation， but the moderating role of individual human capital on the relationship between elite family origin and farmer entrepreneurship is not significant. From the perspective of traditional family origin， it explores the mechanism of family level non-market forces on farmers’ entrepreneurship， which is not only conducive to excavating the intrinsic motivation of farmer entrepreneurship， but also expands the research dimension of farmer elites， and provides a new research perspective for the development of traditional elite theory.