Data as a key factor of production， greatly affects the scientific research management and modernization level of colleges. However， the current data quality of scientific research projects in colleges and universities can not fully explore and release the value of resources. Therefore， it took the scientific research project data management experience of Harbin University of technology as an example， starting from improving the quality of scientific research project data， it comprehensively analyzed the life cycle of data generation， storage， processing and application， and integrates and iterates the governance concepts and policy requirements into the process reengineering of the whole-process management of scientific research projects， so as to continuously promote the overall improvement of the scientific research project management ability of first-class universities with high-quality scientific research data as the key element.