Under the actual constraints of insufficient R&D capacity and weak independent innovation capabilities of agriculture-related enterprises， choosing open innovation to acquire heterogeneous knowledge resources is significant for improving their technological innovation capabilities. It used the SBM-network DEA super-efficiency model to measure transformation efficiency of S&T achievements of 2 144 Chinese agriculture-related enterprises from 2014 to 2017， and empirically examined the impact of open innovation on transformation efficiency of S&T achievements and the moderating effects of CEO experience and the balance between absorptive capacity and integration capacity. It drew the following conclusions. The impact of open innovation on transformation efficiency of S&T achievements presents an inverted U shape. When open innovation does not exceed the threshold， both CEO’s academic experience and R&D experience positively moderate the impact of open innovation on transformation efficiency of S&T achievements. When open innovation exceeds the threshold， CEO’s academic experience mitigates the negatives impact of open innovation， while CEO’s R&D experience does not. The imbalance between absorptive capacity and integration capacity negatively moderates the impact of open innovation when open innovation does not exceed the threshold， and intensifies the negative impact of open innovation when it exceeds the threshold. The conclusions broaden the relevant theories of open innovation and the transformation of S&T achievements， and have good practical significance for improving the innovation ability of agricultural enterprises.