“Natural selection， survival of the fittest”， in the context of a once-in-a-century change， cultivating entrepreneurs’ adaptability has become the key to the survival and development of start-ups， which further improves the quality of entrepreneurs. Therefore， focusing on cognitive adaptability， through semi-structured interviews with 6 entrepreneurs， it revealed the specific connotations， self-development mechanisms， and interaction processes of each dimension of cognitive adaptability in the entrepreneurial context based on the complex adaptive system theory. Through case analysis， it is found that the cultivation of cognitive adaptability is a complex dynamic process， in which goal orientation， metacognitive knowledge， metacognitive experience， metacognitive choice， and monitoring all evolve and interact with each other to jointly improve the cognitive adaptability of entrepreneurs. It expands the mechanism framework of cognitive adaptability and answers the key question of how entrepreneurs cultivate cognitive adaptability， which fills the gap in existing theories. At the same time， it enriches the theoretical achievements of micro-foundation research on entrepreneurship from the level of entrepreneurial cognition research by focusing on the internal logic of the micro-level complex adaptive systems， which promotes the application of complex adaptive system theory in the field of entrepreneurial research， and plays a fundamental role in explaining higher-level enterprise behavior. In addition， the research conclusions can also provide practical guidance for entrepreneurs， as well as educators.