摘要: |
现有对于中国社会企业的界定是基于二元分析视角,即关注组织中社会属性和商业属性两者之间的关系,但这种分析视角对了解中国社会企业造成了困惑和偏见.本文根据现有关于社会企业的研究,提出基于中国情境的界定和区分中国社会企业的新框架,以克服二元分析视角的局限性.本文筛选并分析了13本国际顶尖学术期刊中144篇与社会企业相关的文章,以及100余家被阿育王、Schwab基金、Skoll基金认证的在中国具有代表性的社会企业案例,研究发现: 二元分析视角无法捕捉社会企业实践的多样性;现有研究中有3种界定社会企业的流派(社会目标优先派、社会商业均衡派和社会目标唯一派);现有研究采用了社会商业属性之外多种元素组合的方式来界定社会企业,单用二元分析视角无法阐明现有研究中的观点.基于这些发现,本文认为需要从二元分析视角转换到元素组合视角来理解中国社会企业,并基于元素组合视角提出了界定和区分中国社会企业的框架. |
关键词: 社会企业 企业家精神 社会企业家精神 社会创业 |
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Defining Framework of Social Enterprise in China——From the Dichotomic View to the Combinative View |
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Abstract: |
The existing approach of understanding and defining social enterprise in China features a dichotomic view that focuses on the relationship between the social and economic aspects of an organization, but the dichotomic view causes confusions and biases about what a social enterprise should be like in China. It aimed to develop a new framework of defining and categorizing Chinese social enterprise on existing studies about social enterprises, which overcomes the limitations of the dichotomic view and fits with the Chinese context. It selected and analyzed 144 articles related to social enterprise in 13 leading management journals, and more than 100 social enterprise cases that are either recognized by Ashoka, Schwab Foundation and Skoll Foundation, or represent the widely recognized ones in China. It finds that: the dichotomic view fails to capture the diversity of social enterprise practices; there are three schools of defining social enterprise in existing studies (social objective priority, social-economic balance, exclusive social objective); existing studies adopt a combination of multiple elements beyond the social economic dichotomy in defining social enterprise. Based on these findings, it argued for a transition from the dichotomic view to the combinative view in understanding social enterprise in China, and provided a framework to adopt the combinative view in defining and categorizing social enterprise in China. |
Key words: social enterprise entrepreneurship social entrepreneurship social venture |